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br Conflict of interest statement br
2022-04-02
Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We thank Urann Chan for assistance with the figures. This work was supported in part by National Institutes of
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Several studies have also shown
2022-04-02
Several studies have also shown that HK2 may be an important downstream Aclacinomycin A of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and may contribute to the development of cancer [15]. In our previous study, we found AKT2 expression was positively correlated with HK2 expression in primary colon cancer
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The therapeutic potential of acetate has been advocated by r
2022-04-02
The therapeutic potential of acetate has been advocated by research on neurodegenerative disorders such as Canavan's disease (Arun et al., 2010, Mathew et al., 2005), where oral acetate improved motor function in a genetic model of the disorder, and in studies of behavioural phenotypes associated wi
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A repertoire of cytotoxic payloads is
2022-04-02
A repertoire of cytotoxic payloads is increasing; among those, MMAE has been utilized for the highly effective ADC brentuximab vedotin. However, the ADCs which utilized MMAE to target GCC in solid tumors have shown a poor efficacy suggesting that various tumor types respond differently to a given to
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CgtA is involved in stringent response
2022-04-02
CgtA is involved in stringent response and it interacts with SpoT to maintain optimal (p)ppGpp/ppGpp quotient in bacteria. Depletion of CgtA results in increased ppGpp levels [8]. CgtA is also important for cellular development [12] and involved in synchronization of DNA replication initiation and c
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The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between
2022-04-02
The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages suggests that the role of FFA2R may be restricted to the very early phase of acute inflammation where neutrophils are dominating players called into action, whereas GPR84 may have a broader functional
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br Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor
2022-04-02
Introduction Activation of the lipid sensing receptor, GPR55, by lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) has been well documented, and implicated in endocannabinoid signaling [1]. Intracellular events resulting from GPR55 activation include; enhanced β-arrestin activity, calcium mobilization and ERK1/2 p
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br Acknowledgments This work was supported by the
2022-04-02
Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (R01 A1084898) to M.V. Williams and M.E. Ariza. Introduction Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) has emerged as the preferred term for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in women due to the uncertain relationship between androg
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GPR A a G protein coupled
2022-04-02
GPR109A, a G-protein-coupled receptor located mainly on adipocyte cell membranes, has been identified as the molecular target for nicotinic agenerase [[5], [6], [7]] and mediator of NEFA reduction [5]. As a mechanism of NEFA-lowering, it is recognized that activation of GPR109A leads to Gi-mediated
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Adenosine triphosphatase ATP is a signaling
2022-04-02
Adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) is a signaling molecule in acute pain and chronic pain(Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). It is also known that presynaptic A1 receptors are involved in the inhibition of transmitter release (Vizi and Knoll, 1976). Extracellular
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br Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In
2022-04-02
Signaling pathways activated by pulsatile GnRH In the pituitary, GnRH acts by binding to the G protein-coupled GnRHR on the cell surface of the gonadotrope, inducing interaction of the receptor with heterotrimeric G proteins and catalyzing GTP-GDP exchange on the G protein α subunit (Lambert, 200
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Ginger derived glycoproteins contain a
2022-04-01
Ginger-derived VPS34-IN1 contain a variety of functional components, including specific phenolic compounds, purine compounds, and bioactive polysaccharides. Moreover, glycoproteins belong to the glycoconjugates, which combine some of the properties of polysaccharides and proteins. It has been repor
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Heterocysts provide the required microoxic
2022-04-01
Heterocysts provide the required microoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive N2-fixing nitrogenase enzyme complex. This environment is formed during heterocyst development. Developing heterocysts inactivate photosystem II and degrade antenna pigments, thereby decreasing oxygenic photosynthesis (F
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br Conflict of interest br Funding br Acknowledgements br In
2022-04-01
Conflict of interest Funding Acknowledgements Introduction to SLC6 transporters The solute carrier (SLC) 6 family of membrane proteins perform the Na+-coupled symport of amino acids and amino GSK2194069 derivatives into cells throughout the body. Disrupting neurotransmitter SLC6-mediated
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EAAT glutamate uptake is driven by the co transport
2022-04-01
EAAT glutamate uptake is driven by the co-transport of three sodium ions and one proton, as well as the counter-transport of one potassium ion (Fig. 1B). This complex stoichiometry frees up enough energy to permit nicotinic receptor antagonist of glutamate into the cell against a steep concentratio
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